RR

  👉The Northern Atlantic Sea Route covers one fourth of the world’s foreign trade; so, it is the busiest sea route in the world and popularly known as the Big Trunk Route. 👉The route links North Eastern USA and North Western Europe, two most developed regions of the world.  👉Textiles, chemicals, steel and wine are exported to USA and Canada. 👉Meat, wood pulp, copper and transport machinery moves towards Europe. 👉The foreign trade over this route is greater than the rest of the world combined.

National Animal :- The Magnificent Tiger,Panthers tigris. National Bird :- The Indian Peacock , Pavo cristatus. National flower :- Lotus ( Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn). National Tree :-  The Banyan Tree ( Ficus benghalensis). National Fruit :- Mango ( Mangifera  Indica.) National Aquatic Animal :- The Mammal  Gangetic Dol - phin. ( Platanista Gangetica).

 The Delimitation Commission is appointed by The President of India and work in collaboration with the Election Commission of India.  FUNCTIONS :- To determine the number and boundaries of Constituencies to make Population of all  Constituencies nearly equal. To identify seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, wherever their Population is relatively large.

 MAURYA EMPIRE :-. 322 BC - 185 BC  GUPTA EMPIRE :- 320 AD - 550 AD  THE MUGHAL EMPIRE  :- 1526 AD - 1857 AD  CHOLA EMPIRE :-  301 BC - 1279 AD  MARATHA EMPIRE :- 1674 AD - 1820 AD  KHILJI EMPIRE :-. 1290 AD - 1320 AD  BRITISH EMPIRE :-  1858 AD - 1947 AD  TUGHLAQ DYNASTY :-   1320 AD - 1414 AD  INDO - GREEK KINGDOM :- 180 BC - 10 AD  SATAVAHANA DYNASTY :- 230 BC - 199AD 

There are 33 district in Rajasthan of which JAISALMER  is the largest while DHOLPUR ( DHAULPUR) is the smallest district in terms of Area. According to Population, JAIPUR is most populated while JAISALMER is the least Populated.

 According to Population, JAIPUR district is most populated while JAISALMER district is the least Populated.

 Area wise the largest District of Rajasthan is JAISALMER while DHOLPUR ( DHAULPUR) is the smallest district.

Smallest district of Rajasthan is DHOLPUR (DHAULPUR) District.

 Largest district of RAJASTHAN is JAISALMER DISTRICT.

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that is similar to fossil diesel. Biodiesel can be produced from animal fats, vegetable oil, and waste cooking oil. A major advantage of Biodiesel is its carbon-neutrality, meaning that the oilseed absorbs the same amount of CO2 as is released when the fuel is combusted in a vehicle.  Biodiesel is also completely non-toxic and is biodegradable.

 Poverty Line:  The conventional approach to measuring poverty is to specify a minimum expenditure (or income) required to purchase a basket of goods and services necessary to satisfy basic human needs and this minimum expenditure is called the poverty line. Poverty Line Basket:  The basket of goods and services necessary to satisfy basic human needs is the Poverty Line Basket (PLB). Poverty Ratio: The proportion of the population below the poverty line is called the poverty ratio or headcount ratio (HCR).

Area wise the largest District of Punjab is AMRITSAR while PATHANKOT is the smallest district.

Smallest district of Punjab is PATHANKOT.

Largest district of Punjab is AMRITSAR.

 Information as a public good is the theme for the occasion this year.  According to Reporters without Borders, India rank 142 in World Press freedom in 2021 out of 180 countries.

 Rowlatt Act and Satyagraha The Rowlatt Act (Anarchial & Revolutionary Crimes Act 1919) was a legislative act that allowed certain political cases to be tried without the presence of a jury and permitted internment of suspects without any trial. This is the time when Mahatma Gandhi came to light as a revolutionary and organised ‘Rowlatt Satyagraha’, starting with a general strike or Hartal on 6 April. The worst violent incident was the massacre of Jallianwalla bagh in Amritsar on 13 April, where General Dyer opened fire on a peaceful gathering of satyagrahis, killing 379 people, in a bid to break their morale. Mahatma Gandhi renounced his ‘Kaiser-i-Hind’. On April 18, 1919, Gandhi withdrew the movement and termed it as the ‘Himalayan Blunder’.

Largest constituency (area wise) :- Ladakh Smallest constituency ( area wise):-  Chandni chowk Largest constituency ( electors wise) :- Malkajgiri Smallest constituency (electors wise):- Lakshadweep

 Areas wise the largest district of Jharkhand is RANCHI while  RAMGARH is the smallest district.

Smallest district of JHARKHAND  is RAMGARH.

Largest District of JHARKHAND is RANCHI.

 ARTICLE 31A Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc. (1) Notwithstanding  anything contained in article 13, no law providing for: (a) the acquisition by the State of any estate or of any rights therein or the extinguishment or modification of any such rights, or  (b) the taking over of the management of any property by the State for a limited period either in the public interest or in order to secure the proper management of the property, or  (c) the amalgamation of two or more corporations either in the public interest or in order to secure the proper management of any of the corporations, or  (d) the extinguishment or modification of any rights of managing agents, secretaries and treasurers, managing directors, directors or managers of corporations, or of any voting rights of shareholders thereof, or  (e) the extinguishment or modification of any rights accruing by virtue of any agreement, lease or licence for the purpose of searching fo...

 WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political;  LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;  EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;  and to promote among them all  FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;  IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

 Area wise the largest district of ODISHA is MAYURBHANU while JAGATSINGHPUR is the smallest district.

 Smallest district of Odisha is JAGATSINGHPUR.

 Largest District of Odisha is MAYURBHANJ.

 Area wise the largest district of TRIPURA is DHALAI while UNAKOTI is the Smallest district.

 Smallest district of Tripura is UNAKOTI

 Largest District of Tripura is DHALAI.

 Area wise the largest district of Meghalaya is WEST KHASI HILLS while SOUTH WEST  GARO HILLS is the smallest district.

 Smallest district of Meghalaya is SOUTH WEST GARO HILLS.

 WEST KHASI HILLS is the Largest district of MEGHALAYA .

 Area wise the largest district of INDIA is KACHCHH (GUJARAT) while MAHE (PONDICHERRY)  is the smallest district.

 smallest district of INDIA is MAHE (PONDICHERRY) .

 Largest District of INDIA is KACHCHH (Gujarat).

 Area wise the largest district of Mizoram is LUNGLEI while SERCHHIP  is the Smallest district.

 Smallest district of Mizoram is SERCHHIP .

 Largest District of Mizoram is LUNGLEI.

 Area wise the largest district of Nagaland is TUENSANG while LONGLENG is the smallest district.

 Largest District of Nagaland is TUENSANG.

 Smallest district of Nagaland is LONGLENG.

 Area wise the largest district of West Bengal is SOUTH 24 PARAGANAS while KOLKATA is the Smallest district.

Smallest district of West Bengal is KOLKATA.

 Largest District of West Bengal is SOUTH 24 PARAGANAS.

 Area wise the largest district of Manipur is CHURACHANDPUR  while JIRIBAM is the smallest district.

 CHURACHANDPUR is the Largest District of  Manipur.

 JIRIBAM is the smallest district of Manipur.

 Area wise the largest district of Assam is KARBI ANGLONG while SOUTH MANKACHAR  is the Smallest district.

 Smallest district of Assam is SOUTH MANKACHAR.

 Largest District of Assam is KARBI ANGLONG.

 Area wise the largest district of Arunachal Pradesh is EAST SIANG while LOWER DIBANG VALLEY is the Smallest district.

 Largest District of Arunachal Pradesh is EAST SIANG.

Smallest district of Arunachal Pradesh is LOWER DIBANG VALLEY.

 Area wise the largest district of Sikkim is NORTH SIKKIM while SOUTH SIKKIM is the Smallest district

Smallest district of Sikkim is SOUTH SIKKIM.

 Largest District of Sikkim is  NORTH SIKKIM .

 Area wise the largest district of Bihar is PATNA and SHEOHAR is the smallest district.

 Smallest district of Bihar is SHEOHAR

 Largest District of Bihar is PATNA

 Area wise the largest district of Uttarakhand is UTTARKASHI while CHAMPAWAT is the smallest district.

 Smallest district of Uttarakhand is CHAMPAWAT.

 Largest District of Uttarakhand is UTTARKASHI.

 Area wise the largest district of Uttar Pradesh is LAKHIMPUR KHERI while BHADOHI is the smallest district.

 Smallest district of Uttar Pradesh is BHADOHI.

 Largest District of Uttar Pradesh is LAKHIMPUR KHERI.

 Area wise the largest state of USA is ALASKA while RHODE ISLAND is the smallest state.

Smallest district of Haryana is FARIDABAD.

 Area wise the largest District of Himachal Pradesh is LAHAUL-SPITI  while HAMIRPUR  is the smallest district.

 Largest District of Haryana is SIRSA.

 Area wise the largest district of Haryana is SIRSA while FARIDABAD is the smallest district.

 Smallest district of Himachal Pradesh is HAMIRPUR.

Largest District of Himachal Pradesh is LAHAUL-SPITI.

 Smallest state of USA is RHODE ISLAND.

 Largest state of USA is ALASKA

 The shortest tenure of chief justice of India , so far of KAMAL NARAIN SINGH (25TH November 1991-12TH December 1991).

 The longest Tenure of chief justice of India, So far is of  JUSTICE YU CHANDRACHUD (1978-1985).

 The first chief justice of India was HJ KANIA (1950-1951).

 GMC BALYOGI is the first Speaker to die in the office (1998-2002).

 Dr.BALRAM JAKHAR was the longest serving speaker (1980-1989)

 M.A.AYYANGAR was the first Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha (1952-1956)

 G V MAVLANKAR was the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha (1952-1956).

 SRI LANKA is separated from INDIA by a narrow channel of sea formed by PULK STRAIT & GULF OF MANNAR

Shimla is the capital of Himachal Pradesh.   Shimla was made summer capital and army headquarters[1865-1939]. From 1947-1953 it was headquarters of Punjab state, until the new capital city of Chandigarh  was completed. 

Beas :-  The Beas rises in the  Pir Panjal  range near the  Rooting Pass and flows about 256 kilometres (159 mi) in Himachal Pradesh.  Chenab :- Largest river (in terms of volume of water) is formed after the meeting of two streams namely, Chandra and Bhaga at Tandi, in Lahaul. It flows 122 kilometres (76 mi) and covers an area of 7,500 square kilometres (2,900 sq mi).  Ravi:- Bara Banghal, kangra district as a joint stream formed by the glacier fead Bhadal and Tantgari. The river is about 158 kilometres (98 mi) long and has a catchment area of nearly 5,451 square kilometres (2,105 sq mi).  Sutlej:- originates in distant Tibet. The river cuts through both the great Himalayan and the Zaskar ranges and crosses the Indo-Tibetan border (near Shipkila). The catchment area of Sutlej in Himachal Pradesh is about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi).  Yamuna:-  Its origin in Yamunotri in Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand . Its total catchment a...

Longest River :- Sutlej [  20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi)] &  Smallest River :- Yamuna [ 2,320 square kilometres (900 sq mi)]

 The Rajya Sabha is composed of not more than 250 members of whom 12 are nominated by the President and 238 are representatives of the States and the Union Territories elected by the method of indirect election. 

 PRESIDENT:-  Chief Justice of Supreme Court (Oath)  Vice-President (Resignation)  VICE-PRESIDENT:-  President (Oath)  President (Resignation).  GOVERNOR:- Chief Justice of High Court (Oath)  President (Resignation)  CHIEF JUSTICE OF INDIA :- President (Oath)  President (Resignation)  PRIME MINISTER:- President (Oath)  President (Resignation)  SPEAKER OF LOK SABHA:- No oath Deputy Speaker (Resignation). 

 Idea of Constituent Assembly for India was put forward for time by M.N.Roy in 1934

 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT OF 1935:- Federal Scheme, office of Governor, judiciary, Public Service Commission, Emergency Provisions and administrative details.  BRITISH CONSTITUTION :-  Parliamentary form of government, Rule of Law, Legislative Procedure, Single Citizenship, cabinet System, Prerogative write, Parliamentary privilege and Bicameralism.  USA CONSTITUTION :- Fundamental Rights, Independence of judiciary, judicial review, impeachment of the President, removal of Supreme Court and High Court judge's and post of vice-president and his role as the chairman of the Rajya Sabha.  IRISH CONSTITUTION :- Directive Principal of State Policy, nomination of members to Rajya Sabha and method of election of President.  CANADIAN CONSTITUTION:- Federation with a strong  Center, Getting of residuary powers in the Center, appointment of state Governors by the Center and advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.  AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTION:- Concurrent List...

First five year plan (1951-1956)  Second five year plan(1956-1961)  Third five year plan(1961-1966)  Fourth five year plan(1969-1974)  Fifth five year plan(1974-1979)  Sixth five year plan(1980-1985)  Seventh five year plan(1985-1990)  Eighth five year plan(1992-1997)  Ninth five year plan(1997-2002)  Tenth five year plan(2002-2007)  Eleventh five year plan(2007-2012)  Twelfth five year plan(2012-2017) 

 The first and only President who died in the office, was Dr. Zamir Hussain. He was also the President with shortest tenure (13-05-1967  to   03-05-1969). He was also the vice-president of India (1962-1967). 

India total area (32,87,263 sq.km). Area wise, Rajasthan (3,42,239 sq.Km) is the largest state and Goa(3,702sq.Km) is the smallest. 

 There are 18 Biosphere Reserves in India, out of which 9 Biosphere Reserves have been recognised by the UNESCO on world Network of Biosphere Reserves

 The INDIA  is situated North of the equator between 8°4' to 37°06' North latitude and 68°07' to 97°25' east longitude.  The location of the INDIA is in the northern and the eastern hemisphere.

 Wet Sub temperate Zone :- Dalhousie, dharamshala, Palampur, Baijnath, Jogindernagar.  Humid Sub-temperate zone:- Kullu, Shimla, some parts of Mandi, Solan, Chamba, Kangra & Sirmaur.  Dry temperate Zone:- Alpine high parts of lahul Spiti, Pangi, kinnaur.  Humid sub tropical zone :- Mandi, Nahan, Nalagarh, Nurpur etc.  Sub-Humid tropical zone:- Paonta Sahib, Indore area of kangra. 

BANK OF HINDUSTAN was the first bank established in India (1770).  First purely India bank was PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK (1894).  RESERVE BANK OF INDIA (RBI) was established in 1935 and RBI act,  1934. RBI is the central bank of India. 

 The Governor is the Constitutional Head of the state and the same Governor can act as Governor of more than one state (Article 153). The Governor is appointed by the President (Article 155) and Article 156 states that the Governor holds  office during the pleasure of the President.  Article 171 states that the states where Legislative Councils exists, the Governor can nominated some members from amongst those distinguished in literature, science, art, cooperative movement and social service. 

Budget was introduced for the time in India on 1860 by the East India Company to the British Crown James Wilson.  The first budget for the Union of India was Presented on 26 November 1947 by the first finance Minister RK Shanukham Chftty. But actually it was a review of the economy and no new taxes were proposed.  Till 1955,the budget was Presented only in English. However from 1955-1956, the budget documents are presented both in English and Hindi.  Morarji Desai, the former finance Minister of India, has presented the budget a recorded 10 times.  Indira Gandhi was the first woman to Present the Budget for 1970-1971.But that time was not a finance Minister.  Budget presented by Manmohan Singh in 1991 was known as 'The Epochal Budget'.  P Chidambaram 1997-1998 Budget was Termed as DREAM BUDGET for LOWERING TAXES RATES.  The Budget presented in the year 2000 by the Yashwant Sinha is termed as "The Millennium Budget". It is said to have revolutionised In...

On 6 August 1945 an atom bomb 'Little Boy'  was dropped on the city of HIROSHIMA. Japan was asked to surrender and when they refused another atom bomb 'Fat Man' was dropped on 9 August 1945 on the city of NAGASAKI. 

The Godavari  river is the Largest Peninsula river System. It is also Called the Dakshin Ganga. It rises in the Nasik district of Maharashtra and discharges it's water into the Bay of Bengal. 

Mercury, Venus,  Earth,  Mars are called terrestorial Planets. Jupiter,  Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called Gaseous Planets. 

Jawahar Nehru (May 1964)  (15 August 1947 - 27 May 1964). Lal Bahadur Shastri (January 1966)  (9 June 1964 - 11 January 1966). Indira Gandhi (October 1984) (24 January 1966 - 24 March 1977) - (14 January 1980 - 31 October 1984).

For the first time in 1969 when the President Dr. Zakir Hussain died and the Vice-president Shri  V. V Giri resigned, the Chief Justice Md. Hidayatullah acted as President. 

The longest National Highway (NH) in India is(3745 km) long NH-44(Srinagar - kanyakumari). Earlier it was Nhi (Varanasi-Kanyakumari:- 2369 km).  The new NH-44 is the Combination of NH- 1A, 1,2,3,7,26 and 75.  It passes through 12 states J&k, HP, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, UP, MP, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, KARNATAKA & Tamil Nadu. 

The shortest National Highway was the NH 47A {5.9km(3.9mi)}, which connected kundanoor Junction of Maradu in Kochi city to the Kochi port at Willingdon Island. 

The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constitutuent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947. In the state emblem, adopted by the Government of India on 26th January 1950 only three Lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view.  The song Jana-gana-mana, Composes originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi Version by the Constitution Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24th January 1950.Playing time of the full Version of the national anthem is approximately 52 seconds.   The song was published in the novel 'Anandmath', authored by Bankimchandra Chatterji and was adopted as the National Song on 26th January 1950. Playing time of the Song one(1) and five(5) seconds. (65 seconds).   The National Calendar based on the Saka Era, Chaitra as it's first month and a normal year of 365 days was adopted from 22nd March 1957 along with the Gregorian Calendar for the following official purpose:- Gazette of India, newsbroadcast by All In...

Qualification of Prime Minister of India be above 25 years of age if they are members of the lok Sabha or above 30years of age if they are a member of the Rajya Sabha. 

The first General election ( Parliamentary election) were held in our Country in the 21 October 1951 to 21 February 1952.

There are five distinct layers of the atmosphere Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere & Ecosphere. 

The Supreme Court of India was inaugurated on 28 January 1950. Presently, Supreme Court is functioning at full Strength ( sanctioned strength 34). A small Bench, with two or three Justice, is Called a Division Bench. A large Bench, with five or more Justice, is called a Constitutional Bench. 

26th November is observed as 'Constitution Day' to celebrate the 125th birth anniversary of Dr B.R.Ambedkar, the government of India to observe 'Constitution Day' on 26th November w.e.f 2015.

The Railway Budget was separate from the General Budget in 1921 on the recommendation of the Acworth Committee.  However, the Railway Budget has been merged with the General Budget from Budget Year 2017-2018.

It's old name was  kiragram  located on the bank of river  Binduka  which is known in modern period is  Binwa , a tributary of river  Beas .                                                  Baijnath Temple  was built two Brother  MANYUKA  and  AHUKA   (1204 A.D.)                                                                                                     

Longest Day in the Northern Hemisphere:- June 21 Longest Day in the Southern Hemisphere :- December 22 Shortest night in the Northern Hemisphere:- June 21 Shortest night in the Southern Hemisphere:- December 22 Longest night in the Northern Hemisphere :- December 22 Longest night in the Southern Hemisphere :- June 21 Shortest Day in the Northern Hemisphere:- December 22 Shortest Day in the Southern Hemisphere :- June 21

There are five major Rivers flowing through Himachal Pradesh:- Beas, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej & Yamuna. 

In the state emblem adopted by the government of India on 26th January 1950 only three Lions are visible, the fourth being hidden from view. 

The Design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constitution Assembly of India on 22 July 1947. For the first time the National Flag of India was hoisted in the mid-night of the 14th August 1947.

The song Jana-gana-mana, Composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its hindi version by the Constituent Assem as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.  Playing time of the full version of the national anthem is approximately 52 seconds. 

The Panchayati Raj was introduced for the first time on 2 October 1959 in Nagpur District of Rajasthan.  All persons above 21 years of age and qualified to be a member of the State Legislature are qualified as a member of a Panchayat(Article 243f).

Some states have bi-cameral Legislature ( having two Houses). The six states having two Houses are Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar.  Legislative Council (vidhan Parishad) is a permanent body like the council of state (Rajya Sabha).